Marketing †Peter England Essay

To make a brisk and general consciousness of the brand’s USP of value and cost. * To construct solid brand inclination and support brand dedication through alluring symbolism and continually emphasize the product’s pluses Marketing Mix Peter England follows the 4 P’s of the showcasing blend: Product design †The range involves ordinary office wear, extraordinary event wear and easygoing wear. Valuing †Price network uprightness is kept up byensuring that65 percent of the brand offering is underneath MRP 500 through ‘Core’ run. Advancement †Estimating Objective * Peter England targets expanding its piece of the overall industry * Introduces Market Penetration evaluating * Peter England in 1997 the excursion starts †¦ * Peter England follows Value Based Pricing * Goes in for a High Value Strategy * Offers the shoppers premium quality at medium value Pricing Strategy * Price lattice respectability kept up by guaranteeing 65 percent of the brand offering was beneath MRP 500 through ‘Core’ range* simultaneously premium items presented at the top end through collectionslike ‘the solids collection’ and ‘the celebration collection’ <p

Metaphysical Poetry Definition Example For Students

Mystical Poetry Definition Mystical verse was initially a style of verse to depict the writer John Donnes work, yet afterward stretched out to a school of seventeenth century artists. The stanza manages the utilization of theory to clarify the human show known to man. Their lovely style and technique is the thing that connected the artists together. Here, the artists Andrew Marvell, who kept in touch with His Coy Mistress, George Herbert who composed Love and John Donne who composed The Sun Rising all fit into the powerful gathering. All the sonnets incorporate a contention inside themselves. The sonnet To His Coy Mistress is organized inside a syllogistic system which starts with an underlying reason, at that point acquaints a capability with the reason, and finishes with a goals to the contention. What's more, Marvell figures out how to wed a syllogistic system with an enthusiastic sonnet of temptation. He initially contends that if the couple had constantly on the planet, he would charm his woman so gradually her bashfulness would be immaterial. Had we yet world enough, and time, This hesitance, woman, were no wrongdoing. He continues to diagram what he would do out of adoration for his woman in the event that they were both to live for any longer, referencing such periods of time as hundreds of years and ages. All through this underlying reason of on the off chance that, he utilizes elusive symbolism to represent his contention. For instance, he depicts his life as a vegetable love, which not just gives implications of a moderate, creating adoration to develop for his special lady, yet additionally the portrayal of a vegetable soul. The vegetable soul is the most reduced degree of the spirit in the Renaissance idea in the degrees of reason. In this way, this proposes a sort of adoration that could exist without arousing delight and recommends, by its relationship with the vegetable soul, that it is a lower type of affection than sexual love. This is on the grounds that the center soul the reasonable soul manages enthusiasm and love. This utilization of powerful vanity is basic in all the sonnets, and Marvells procedure of attracting upon theory to show his contention gives the sonnet a scholarly intrigue, not only a visual one. There is additionally finished dedication shown in this first phase of the contention, to be specific: I would Love you ten years before the flood. What's more, you should, you don't mind, reject Till the change of the Jews. Here, this arrangements with the furthest point of his contention. He is set up to cherish her ten years before the flood apparently Noahs Ark, and would not be at all offended in the event that she wouldn't adore him back until the change of the Jews, apparently until the fi nish of time. When his suppositions have been built up, he at that point proceeds to the second phase of his contention. Starting with the combination of But a word that sets us up for an elective contention, Marvells second stage in his syllogistic system invalidates the underlying reason by tending to the ideas of the real world. He presently affirms that time is an issue, having just settled that on the off chance that it wasnt, his technique for temptation would be unique. By initially moving to the current state, which makes a feeling of instantaneousness, he at that point utilizes increasingly complex gadgets to pass on the need to keep moving that is fundamental when he is talking about the absence of time that the couple have. For instance, he right off the bat portrays the winged chariot that is rushing close. The winged chariot similitude gives the peruser implications of a quick and angry speed, which is then conveniently compared with the Deserts of huge time everlasting which gives an environment of a moderate, unprofitable future. .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a , .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a .postImageUrl , .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a , .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a:hover , .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a:visited , .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a:active { border:0!important; } .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a:active , .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a:hover { haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uaf512 0545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uaf5120545adf1cedb32e83a9e4aef86a:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Cousin Kate EssayMarvell then has a pronoun switch, which draws the lady legitimately into the contention and upgrades the feeling of closeness, with the private type of you thy. Marvell at that point utilizes bleak, diverting, phallic symbolism to exhibit how desire will definitely pass on, and the result of there being no desire in death. Thy excellence will no more be found; . at that point worms will attempt That since quite a while ago safeguarded virginity. There is a horrid, dull funniness present, not just with the phallic symbolism of the worms, yet additionally the utilization of interesting, which likewise had a rough, basic importance when the sonnet was composed. The third and last stage is the goals of the contention in the syllogistic structure. Marvell states that because of him being not able to cherish her gradually and understanding that time is valuable, he depends on the obvious end result of a reviving of friendship: Now let us sport us while we may This rushed tone is available all through the last stage, anyway Marvell likewise utilizes the real factors of life to undermine the reason of the initial segment of the contention. To do as such, he utilizes amazingly solid symbolism again to finish up his contention with the last piece of the contention focusing on sexual symbolism, for example, the affectionate feathered creatures of prey/Rather on the double our time eat up which can likewise be stretched out to a picture of the couple holding onto control of the issue by eating up time and the iron doors of life. Likewise, intensifier use improves the force of his feeling, for example, Now.. , being a basic passing on his need to keep moving to the peruser, and Let us additionally attesting their common, joint venture, and willing hinting a sexual excitement. The utilization of magical vanities here make the contention substantially more than a concise sexual experience, yet an enthusiastic sexual association where Marvell wishes to oppose boundaries and the idea of time, which is summarized in a crescendo in lines 45 and 46: Thus, however we can't make our sun Stand still, yet we will make him run. The last couplet summarizes the entire contention Marvell communicates that in spite of the fact that they can't stop time, they as a team can control how quick the time goes. This is suggestive of the carpe diem subject and the sonnet by Herrick: Gather ye rosebuds praising the satisfaction throughout everyday life and the need to hold onto the day. Moreover, the words Stand despite everything can be connected back to Joshua in the Old Testament, where he instructed the sun to stop while he carried out courageous things. This is cunning, amusing silliness, as prior in the sonnet he suggests the absence of an existence in the wake of death, as the lady is bound to lie in the marble vault and just tremendous abandons inferring nothing of endlessness lies before them, rather than the soul being renewed into an endless life. Marvell additionally utilizes the rhyme plan of the sonnet to re-accentuate this association of two sections. The whole sonnet comprises of rhyming couplets, which takes two separate lines and make a coordinating pair out of them. What's more, the concentrated style of the sonnet and the regular utilization of enjambment show the pressure and power of Marvells contention. Marvells utilizes scholarly and differing reference to the Bible as well as to theory, joined with the legitimate structure uncommon for an adoration anthem, as the structure nearly takes on an efficient game plan, straight to the point feeling and sexuality and cleverness albeit still with a light tone. In spite of the fact that the essential contention is a sexual success, it additionally is an attestation of human ability to resist the goals of time. All the mystical writers have drawn on a similar key highlights of not just utilizing rationale and thinking to clarify extraordinary feelings, yet in addition draw upon specific territories, for example, law, religion, and theory to portray their adoration, frequently in prides a bizarre strategy to embrace, which creates a clever and entertaining style to numerous bits of work in this specific school of artists.

Peyote Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help

Peyote Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Print What to Know About Peyote Use By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 01, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 14, 2020 kedsirin jaidee / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Does Peyote Do? Common Side Effects Signs of Use Myths & Common Questions Tolerance & Withdrawal How to Get Help View All Back To Top Peyote (Lophophora williamsii or Lophophora diffusa) is a small, spineless cactus that is found in the southwest United States, northern Mexico and Peru. The plant has been used for about six thousand years by native tribes for religious and healing purposes. Peyotes principal active ingredient is mescaline, a psychedelic  compound that can also be man-made through chemical synthesis.?? The peyote buttons, protrusions found on the tops of the cactus plants, are usually dried and then chewed or soaked to be made into a liquid such as tea for consumption. They can also be ground into a powder and used in capsules or smoked with tobacco or cannabis.?? As a Schedule I substance, peyote is considered an illegal and addictive drug in the United States. However, the American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA) Amendments of 1994 gives Native Americans the legal right to use peyote for their religious services.?? This exemption has been an ongoing and contentious issue for many years, although case law has determined that even members of the Native American Church who do not have Native American ancestry can legally use peyote in this context. Also Known As:  Peyote is also known as  buttons, cactus, mesc, peyoto, blue cap, broken, bad seed, britton, hikori, hikuli, half moon, hyatari, P, nubs, seni, and tops Drug Class: Peyote is classified as a hallucinogen. Common Side Effects: Peyote is known to cause nausea and vomiting, increased body temperature, hallucinations, altered perceptions of space and time, impaired motor coordination, euphoria, and anxiety.?? How to Recognize Peyote Peyote buttons (the “crown” or top of the peyote cactus) look like disc-shaped buttons. They can be fresh or dried and users can chew them or soak them in water to make an intoxicating liquid. Since peyote has a bitter taste, it is also ground into an off-white powder that is placed inside a capsule to be swallowed or sprinkled into a cigarette or marijuana joint to be smoked. What Does Peyote Do? Peyote is a hallucinogen, meaning it can cause profound distortions in a persons perceptions of reality (known as hallucinations), including seeing, hearing, and feeling things that seem real but are not. Hallucinogens are thought to affect neural circuits in the brain involving the neurotransmitter serotonin, which plays a role in mood, sensory perception, sleep, hunger, body temperature, sexual behavior, and muscle control.?? The effects of peyote, which can range from a deeply mystical transcendental state to a “bad trip” and dysphoric symptoms, depending on the potency and amount ingested, as well as the user’s expectations, mood, surroundings, and mental health history. Many describe the high as dream-like.?? The effects are often intensified when the drug is combined with substances like alcohol or stimulants, which can be potentially harmful to a persons mental health.?? As soon as 30 minutes after ingesting peyote, people can begin to experience its effects as well as physical discomfort (including nausea, sweating, and chills) that can last up to two hours before reaching a peak. The hallucinogenic effects typically peak around two hours after ingestion, and gradually decline over the next eight to 12 hours.?? Some users compare these peaks to LSD trips in that they profoundly alter perceptions of self and reality and can intensify emotions. The effects are also similar to other hallucinogens like psilocybin (the hallucinogen in magic mushrooms) and PCP.?? What the Experts Say According to a 2014 study on the prevalence of peyote use in Native Americans, there was a fairly large surge in the number of Native Americans who used peyote for roughly four years after the AIRFA passed.?? Researchers believe the increase in use was likely due to more people admitting to using peyote once it was legal. Since that time, the number leveled to just under 10%. Peyote use in the rest of the U.S. population is between 1% to 2%, although most data sources that quantify drug use exclude peyote, so it is hard to gauge the full scope of the use.   Though peyote can certainly cause negative effects such as those mentioned above, the research that has been done indicates that ingesting peyote doesnt appear to be life-threatening and most adverse effects go away in time.?? The mescaline in peyote, however, is known to be potentially harmful to developing fetuses, so if youre pregnant or think youre pregnant, you should not use peyote.?? Off-Label or Recently Approved Uses Peyote has been used by Native Americans for thousands of years in religious ceremonies and for the treatment of various physical ailments. The use of peyote is illegal in the United States and classified as a Schedule 1 controlled drug, although there remains an exception for members of the Native American Church who, when assisted by a a healer or roadman (similar to a priest or minister) use the drug to facilitate communication with the Great Spirit, also called the Creator. Peyote and other hallucinogens have also been studied as a possible treatment for a variety of mental health conditions including schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, and dementia, which are all associated with perceptual distortions.?? Common Side Effects The amount of mescaline needed to produce hallucinations is very smallâ€"usually 0.3 to 0.5 grams. The effects can last up to 12 hours, but this depends on your size, metabolism, and how much you ingest. The physical effects of peyote tend to be similar to those of LSD and include:?? Increased body temperatureIncreased heart rateUncoordinated movementsWeaknessProfound sweatingSevere nausea and vomitingIncreased blood pressureNumbnessAppetite lossFlushingDifficulty sleeping Mental effects that can occur include:?? HallucinationsAnxietyEuphoriaAltered sense of time (i.e., it passes slowly or quickly)Altered awarenessInability to focus or concentratePanicParanoiaA sense of relaxationAltered feelings and perceptions According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, there isnt much known about the long-term effects of the majority of hallucinogens, including peyote.?? However, it is known that repeated or long-term use of hallucinogens can cause the following effects: Prolonged psychosis: Though this condition is rare, symptoms include visual disturbances and scattered thinking, as well as periods of paranoia or mood disturbances.??Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD): Rarelyâ€"about 4% of people who use hallucinogensâ€"will use of peyote and other hallucinogens such as LSD contribute to the development of HPPD, which is when you develop flashbacks of hallucinations and visual disturbances that dont go away and may even begin to interfere with your daily tasks of living.?? These symptoms can be mistaken for neurological disorders such as a stroke or a brain tumor. Though both persistent psychosis and HPPD are rare among people who use peyote, they can occur without warning and have been reported even after a single exposure to peyote. Generally, these symptoms occur in people with a history of psychiatric problems. Signs of Use According to the Partnership for Drug-Free Kids, if a loved one is using peyote, there will be some telltale signs, including:?? Flushed skinLoss of appetiteDry mouthSleep problemsUncoordinated movementsExcessive sweatingPanicParanoiaSensory confusion (such as “seeing” sounds or “hearing” colors)Disordered thinking or detachment from reality When to Seek Help If you feel physically ill or mentally out of control, call 911 or ask a trusted friend (preferably someone who is not intoxicated) to go with you to the nearest emergency room. The ER staff is not looking to get you in trouble but to keep you safe and help you get the best treatment for your current state. Myths Common Questions Peyote is often considered a relatively safe drug due to its presence in nature and long history of use in religious ceremonies, but peyote use is not without its negative effects. There is also often confusion about peyotes legal status under the American Indian Religious Freedom Act, which ensured that native people can exercise their traditional  religious ceremonies, including those that incorporate peyote use. While legitimate religious use is permitted under the law, the recreational use of peyote is illegal in the United States. It is legal to grow peyote in Texas, however, so long as licensed peyote distributors are registered with the federal Drug Enforcement Agency.?? Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal Like other psychedelics, peyote is not necessarily addictive when used sparingly, and in some cases, can be used to treat addiction and substance abuse. However, peyote users are more susceptible to building a high tolerance, requiring the use of more and more peyote to achieve the same effects. Peyote tolerance can build quickly with regular use and in as few as three to six days.?? How Long Does Peyote Stay in Your System? Peyote can be detected in the human body for as few as two days and for up to three months.  The length of time that peyote stays in your system depends on individual factors, such as your  metabolism, body mass, age, hydration level, physical activity, and health conditions. Due to all of these factors, there isnt a definite period of time that peyote can remain in your body. However, there is an estimated range of times during which peyote can be found with certain tests, including:?? Urine: 2 to 3 daysBlood: Up to 24 hoursSaliva: 1 to 10 daysHair follicle: Up to 90 days Screening for peyote use isnt included in routine drug tests, so mescaline must be tested for specifically. Addiction Peyote does not appear to be addictive, but further research is needed to determine if addiction is possible. Some general signs of addiction you may want to watch out for: Spending a lot of time getting, using, or recovering from the tripUsing peyote, despite any consequences or negative effectsTaking higher doses than necessary for a greater highTolerance, or needing more of the drug to get the effects experienced the first time Withdrawal While more research is needed to determine the specific withdrawal symptoms linked to peyote, the drug has been known to cause psychological symptoms of withdrawal, such as depression or dysphoria.?? How to Get Help If you or someone you love is showing signs of peyote misuse, or any other type of illicit substance, its important to know that help is available. While theres no specific treatment for peyote addiction, there are evidence-based addiction treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), support groups, life skills training, and relapse prevention that may be a good fit.

Elie Weisels Relationship with His Father in Essay

Elie Weisels Relationship with His Father in Night The Holocaust was one of the most horrific and dehumanizing occurrences that the human race has ever endured. It evolved around cruelty, hatred, death, destruction and prejudice. Thousands of innocent lives were lost in Hitlers attempt to exterminate the Jewish population. He killed thousands of Jews by way of gas chamber, crematorium, and starvation. The people who managed to survive in the concentration camps were those who valued not just their own life but others as well. Elie Wiesel, a Holocaust survivor and author of the novel, Night, expressed his experiences very descriptively throughout his book. When Elie was just fifteen years old his family was shipped off†¦show more content†¦At this point, the Jews did not know where they were going and Elie had managed to stay optimistic but he began to change his feelings when he saw his fathers tears. The tears were the first stage of change his fathers goes through. Elie had never seen his father cry, so he knew something was wrong. After a long uncomfortable train ride, the Jews ended up at Buchenwald. This is where Elies family was separated from each other. He and his father were told to go in one line and his mother and sister were ordered to go into another line. It was the last time they would ever see each other again. As Elie and his father walked in their line toward the flames, Elie questions if they could actually burn a human being. When his father tells him that anything can happen on this day Elie says, if that is so, I dont want to wait here. Im going to run to the electric wire. That would be better than a slow agony in the flames. (pg. 31) His father did not answer him, he was crying. Although they ended up taking a sudden turn before getting to the flames this symbolizes the small thread by which he and his father hung on. Later on in the book after they had endured more pain and were forced to run and run Elie describes his fathers appearance. How he had c hanged! His eyes had grown dim. I would have liked to speak to him, but I did not know what to say.(pg. 34) Elie had sympathy for his father and did not like seeing him the way he was. However,Show MoreRelatedNight, By Elie Wiesel1362 Words   |  6 Pagesthe right questions.† (5) In Elie Wiesel s novel â€Å"Night,† we find the horrific life story of a father and son during the period of the devastating Holocaust. Elie and his father need to unite in order to survive through the excruciation. We find a transition of indifference by Elie during his Nobel Peace Prize. From his love for life to not caring about anything, Elie matures as the book progresses. He learns to value his father and stick together. In â€Å"Night,† Elie Weisel utilizes the fear of survivingRead MoreBernie Madoff2651 Words   |  11 Pages wire fraud , mail fraud , money laundering, making false statements, perjury, theft from an employee benefit plan, and making false filings with the SEC. The Fraud In March 2009, Madoff admitted that since the mid-1990s he stopped trading and his returns had been fabricated. Madoffs sales pitch, an investment strategy consisted of purchasing blue chip stocks and taking options contracts on them, sometimes called a split-strike conversion or a collar. Typically, a position will consist of the

Tourism Profile in Venice Assignment Example

Essays on Tourism Profile in Venice Assignment The paper â€Å"Tourism Profile in Venice" is a  cogent version of the assignment on tourism. Venice is located in the northern part of Italy. Literature across the board has appraised and expressed the beauty of Venice. This is due to the sensual quality of the city which has been described as the city with streets of water. But truly speaking Venice has increasingly been dominated by tourist, artistic and romantic appropriation over the centuries. In actual fact, tourists have associated the experience of Venice with that of Paris. To them, Venice is natural and provides a glimpse of real life. Venice as a tourist destination is quite the opposite of entertainment. Las Vegas, for instance, was built as an entertainment city but has gradually grown to a dwelling place contrary to Venice whose population has fallen to one third- making it to a city of about 68,000 inhabitants only.Besides artistic and architectural resources, the aquatic nature of Venice further supports its aesth etic appreciation. Unlike other cities, Venice is not surrounded by suburbs but instead is bordered by water. Sea born features such as lagoons are one of the factors that feature the city a tourist choice of destination. The city does not demonstrate plenty of modern technology, unlike other major destination sites. Original buildings in the city were designed in light of the fact that the city is compounded by islands and surrounded by shallow water. Besides that, the onset of technology found the city already polarized with artistic works that could not be ruined as it holds the city’s historical image (Broos 2008).Lack of excessive presence of modernization and disturbing technologies gives the city a sense of wholeness and harmony. The written works around Venice portray two ideologies. First, the city is perceived as a cluster of mass-touristified intrusion, commercial, cultural heritage, architecture, and art. The second ideology conveys the city as a sentimental place flirting with sunset at San Marco and singing Gondoliers. Mass tourism is not a new phenomenon for Venice. It has been a common destination for tourists around the world for hundreds of years. Due to masses of tourists visiting the city each year, many vegetarians have been forced back to the mainland. Overcrowding transport systems and fully packed cafeterias, restaurants and shops are a good indication of the high number of tourists in the city.Although tourism has always been perceived as a cultural intruder, Venice defies this argument considering massive and historical effects the phenomenon has left on Venice. Scholars and researchers maintain that the reason why the city has not experienced the negative effects of tourism is due to its firmness on tourist offers. The city is a museum on its own and thus does not provide many opportunities for people to party. In fact, the majority of the tourist are culturally oriented and educated and commonly referred to as â€Å"beach to urists† by critics of Venice. Art and tourism in Venice are intertwined as art was the major factor that established Venice as a tourism destination site.Venice is essentially a real city where real life is experienced. For instance, it is possible to see clothes hanging on the windows while walking on the streets. Venice has been called ‘the city where fans rule’. Fans of popstars and renowned individuals in the world manifest their idolatry openly by wearing t-shirts and even pasting posters on walls. According to Venetians, the city has the ability to cast a spell on its visitors. Due to its strong cultural affiliation, Venice has managed to lure many of its visitors into its native cultures; not just those with deficient cultural status but cynical thinkers also fall prey.

Osama Bin Laden Research Paper Free Essays

Osama Bal Laden; the mastermind of 9/11 Christian Hanker December 21 , 2012 World History Period 1 Osama Bin Laden changed the world on September 1 1, 2012, when he orchestrated the 911 1 bombings on the world Trade center in New York City. He has also formulated many other attacks including the October 2000 attack on the US Cole, and attacks on the US embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dark sees Salaam, Tanzania in 1998 (Encyclopedia of World 1). Osama Bin Laden had a negative Influence on societies, economies, and religion throughout the world because of his actions in masterminding many radical terrorist attacks, and because he created and ended al-Qaeda. We will write a custom essay sample on Osama Bin Laden Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Osama Bin Laden had a dramatic effect not only on the society of the United States but also worldwide. These radical attacks have resulted in changes to the way society conducts business, travel, Immigration, and most Importantly, how people view and trust each other. Simply put, it has in many ways resulted in a drastic change to many people’s behavior. The attacks of 9/1 1 resulted in increased security exponentially. After these attacks, airport security was amplified. Other security measures were Implemented such as every time someone flies they are required to undergo body scanning; they have to remove shoes and belts, and all liquids over three point four ounces must be packed in checked luggage Monsoon 13). All these measures are now enforced to ensure maximum safety and security in airports. Instead of being able to breeze through the airport and board their flight, people are required to be there two hours early. Which has become a necessary inconvenience and a time consuming practice. After the 9/11 attacks, people were very hesitant to fly because they were afraid. To help ease the anxiety of flying and perform the safety sys precautions, the Nun deed t States created the Transportation Security Administration. The TTS hired over 50,000 people to work in airports across the country and have found to date over fifty million prohibited items, 5,000 of them being firearms Monsoon 7-10). Since Osama Bin Alden’s various attacks, some airlines like Canada 3000 and Swiss Air were on the verge of going bankrupt. To counteract this, the airlines crammed more seats in their airplanes, cut the complimentary food service, and reduced flights Monsoon 22). This inconveniences the passengers because there s less space and comfort on board and with less flights, not everyone may get a seat on their flight. Osama Bin Laden had a direct impact on the way we travel, has put anxiety in the minds of innocent people wanting or needing to travel on an airplane, and caused changes in the way commercial airlines conduct businesses. Osama Bin Laden has affected society worldwide through the lives lost in 9/1 1 and America’s war on terrorism. Osama Bin Laden was responsible for the many deaths that occurred as a result of his terrorist attacks. In the wake of 9/1 1, approximately 3000 people died (Newspapers 1). This not only affected the people that died, but also the people that love them, witnessed their death, their neighbors, the community around them, and also the world. An enormous amount of grief was felt throughout the world and many societies were humbled. Another way Osama Bin Laden has impacted society is the number of troops, particularly American, that have been sent to Afghanistan and Iraq to fight in the war on terrorism. Approximately 70,000 troops were sent to Iraq and Afghanistan (Encyclopedia of World 23). This affected both their own lives and also their loved ones, not knowing if they are alive, outing a great amount of fear in millions of people’s lives worldwide. The cost of the war on terrorism has not only been human lives. Governments across the world have had to fund the increased deployments and make revisions in their budgets for the future. Finally, there has been a large death toll incurred by innocent Muslims living in both America and on the battlefield. In retaliation to the 9/11 bombings, many Americans discriminated against Muslim Americans and many cases resulted in violence. Muslim lives have been lost fighting for AY-Qaeda and innocent civilians eave died, being caught in the middle of this war. Osama Bin Laden is responsible for changing society and the lives of many Americans, troops and his own followers. Osama Bin Laden left his mark on society by his role in inflicting terror into the hearts and minds of people worldwide. What is so frightening about terrorism is that it could happen anywhere and anytime. Bin Laden used this advantage of mystery to plant the seed of fear into people’s minds worldwide. In October 2001, according to a Gallup poll, forty six percent of Americans said terrorism was America’s biggest problem (Grief 47). This shows that Osama Bin Laden has had an enormous and lasting influence on the way Americans think and why they may do certain things. Osama Bin Laden had such a great influence on Americans and their minds that the CIA released a bounty worth $25 million for Bin Laden. New York City authorities put posters up around New York City showing again how much the capture of Osama Bin Laden was worth to America and how much he had affected society. This is evidenced in figure one, showing that officials want Bin Laden dead or alive. Osama Bin Laden destroyed billions of people’s peace of mind worldwide. The 9/1 1 attacks were carried out in conditions of everyday life, which was in essence using the element to surprise as a weapon. What is more terrifying is that he managed to install his people into our communities. These terrorists lived amongst us until Osama Bin Laden gave his orders. This effectively created a feeling of mistrust and paranoia after the 9/1 1 attacks. It certainly had a great impact on the state of mind of many Americans. Osama Bin Laden impacted society by influencing the modification of the security systems, being responsible for killing thousands of people, and outing terror in millions of people’s minds worldwide. While Osama Bin Laden had an extraordinary influence on how people around the world feel and behave he also had a negative impact on America’s economy. One way Bin Laden left his mark on the United States economy is that his actions caused the United States to spend billions of dollars for the military, defense, and security sectors. In the years of 2006-2008, military spending increased by $540 million to supply weapons and transportation to fight the war on terror and to deploy troops into Pakistan and Afghanistan to find Bin Laden (Griffin 17). This huge expense would not have been incurred if Bin Laden had not executed the attack on the World Trade Centre. These funds could have been spent on other things, like paying off the national debt or providing better education and healthcare for American citizens. Not only did Bin Laden cause the United States spend unnecessary money on finding him, but he also affected society by redistributing $540 million of potential funding which could have been used in improvements in society. This money was spent on defense and the security sectors. All three of these divisions boosted the United States debt to $14. Trillion (Burger 8). Osama Bin Laden cost the United States lots of resources, money, and time in the search for their peace of mind. Osama Bin Alden’s actions have caused friction amongst Middle Eastern and western countries, raising the prices of odds from these nations, in particular oil. After the 9/1 1 attacks, the unhealthy relationship between Islamic countries and America made Muslims reluctant to trade, resulting in an increase in the oil price. Before 9/1 1, oil prices were $1. 3, per gallon but they have increased to a current price of $3. 65 per gallon (Mille 16). Obviously, with the price of gas skyrocketing by over $2 after 9/1 1, resources have become very expensive to obtain and has put many Americans in difficulties financially because it is a huge increase that has to be accounted for. Other resources such as gold have experienced price increases. At the time of the 9/1 1 bombings, gold was p riced at $271. 5 per ounce however it is now very expensive, rising to $1821 per ounce (Mille 13-14). The price of gold after 9/11 has risen over 600%, while the American dollar has lost one third of its value. Since the 9/1 1 attacks, he increased price of many plentiful goods within the Middle East has made it more difficult for people to pay for them. Another way Bin Laden affected The United State’s economy is due to his role in planning the destruction caused which resulted in the reparations the insurance companies owed, and the time and money spent cleaning the devastation. Firstly, in the attacks that killed over 3,000 people, it cost an estimated $1. 5 billion to clear the devastation where the World Trade Centre stood (Gaffing 13). This cost in clearing the remains, moving it and disposing of it was a large expense which otherwise would have been used on other necessary expenditure such as education or roads. These funds were spent on an event that could not have been predicted or budgeted for. The cost to America can also be accounted in for the time to thousands to workers and the tort to volunteers. Another way this incident affected the economy is in the insurance claims that were owed to millions of people. These insurance claims include life insurance, auto insurance, and property insurance. The combination of lives lost and damage of properties led to and estimated $40 billion price tag in insurance claims (Gaffing 7). This huge toll on insurance companies made many companies bankrupt, and if not bankrupt, premiums became very expensive for people wanting to purchase insurance. The cost of disposing and clearing the site where the World Trade Centre stood and the insurance claims incurred after the attack crippled the economy, especially that of New York City. After the attacks of 9/1 1, many other struggles within the United States economy arose. One example of this is that the unemployment rate in the United States almost doubled. Prior to 9/1 1, the unemployment rate was four point nine percent but soon after, the unemployment rate rose to nine point one percent Mille 7-8). As a result of the terrorist attacks over 600,000 Jobs were lost, 226,000 of them in the travel industry (Mille 7-8). This huge cut of workers left many people struggling to survive, becoming homeless, and relying on welfare or other sorts of government aide to survive. With a large demand for supplies to aid homeless people, this increased the United States debt even further, setting the debt deeper by the millions. Thousands of small businesses were destroyed by the wreckage in New York City, from the collapse of the World Trade Centre and financially. Approximately 18,000 small businesses in lower Manhattan, particularly around the site of World Trade Centre, were either physically destroyed by flying debris or financially crushed without income to offset the costs to repair their shops (Gaffing 8). These small businesses were particularly hurt because they did not have large cash reserves or other stores to make sure they were earning money. Instead, they were out of business for six weeks while repairs were being made in lower Manhattan. This lead to the large amount of unemployment that occurred and also left many people bankrupt. The attacks of 9/1 1 that Osama Bin Laden formulated had a demoralizing toll on America’s economy by increasing unemployment, destroying small businesses, skyrocketing the prices of goods and forcing America to pay hundreds of thousands of dollars to ensure safety and to find the man behind all the chaos and devastation. Osama Bin Laden was a very influential person and he used his power to change his religion for the worse. One way that he did this is that he encouraged a violent form of Islam called Salamis. With his extreme wealth, inheriting $300 million at age thirteen when his father died (Encyclopedia of World 4), ND power, he has influenced millions of Muslims to adopt his ideas and beliefs that encouraged violence. In Osama Bin Laden â€Å"Jihad against Jews and Crusaders†, Osama Bin Laden encourages Muslims worldwide that it is their duty religiously to kill all Americans and their allies whenever possible (bin laden, Osama). Bin Laden promoted a very extremist form of Islam and was able to spread it throughout the Muslim world. He proposed to kill other people because they were of a different religion and belief, even though they may be innocent of any religious hate crimes. He executed these attacks in many different ways, including bombings, assassinations, and cyber attacks (AY Qaeda 2). This added to his repertoire as being very dangerous and helped his followers strive for their mission of the Jihad. He was very intolerant to other religions and wanted others to tallow in his pate Laden changed views about religion and religious tolerance worldwide by increasing the stereotypes towards Middle Eastern or Islamic people being terrorists. Many forms of violence against Muslims or people with dark skin and dark hair occurred after 9/1 1 in retaliation for the attack. Osama Bin Laden therefore negatively affected religion, because innocent Muslims are being discriminated against because of Bin Laden attacks. Osama Bin Laden had a huge negative influence on religion, the economy, and society worldwide. How to cite Osama Bin Laden Research Paper, Essays

Gerrymandering/To Kill A Mocking Bird Essays -

Gerrymandering/To Kill A Mocking Bird Scott Colson Chris O'Connell To Kill A Mockingbird March 5, 2000 GOMILLION ET AL. v. LIGHTFOOT, MAYOR OF TUSKEGEE, ET AL. The unprecedented Gomillion v. Lightfoot came to the Supreme Court because the borders of Tuskegee, Alabama were redrawn. They went from a square shape to an irregular one to exclude black neighborhoods, on the outer edges of the city, violating the 15th Amendment, denying them a vote because of race. This practice is also known as racial gerrymandering. On October 18 and 19 of 1960 this case was argued. The decision was made on November 14, 1960. The case was pulled up from the Fifth Circuit of Appellate Courts. The Plaintiff, the African American citizens of Tuskegee, Alabama were accusing the Mayor of Tuskegee, Alabama, Lightfoot, denying constitutional rights to the citizens. The case was ruled on just after another very important racial case, Barker v. Carr. This case furthered the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas. The Supreme Court of the United States reversed the ruling from the Fifth Circuit of Appellate Courts. The Appellate Court ruled that the State could look out for its best interest. The court applied this past ruling from other cases to rule that the municipality could look out for its best interest. The Supreme Court, however, felt that the means do not justify the ends. Using a Constitutional procedure to achieve an Unconstitutional result is unconstitutional. Whittaker, wrote a concurring opinion agreeing that the border move was Unconstitutional, but under the fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause because the state was redrawing borders to the black citizen's detriment. He felt that voting was not denied because of race. In fact, border changes occur all the time and the blacks still had a right to vote for any candidate or position that falls in their area. He felt that the re-bordering was a segregation attempt illegal under the precedent of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas. Justice Frankfurter expressed his opinion quite clearly when he stated: ....that Act 140 is unconstitutional, and for an injunction to restrain the Mayor and officers of Tuskegee and the officials of Macon County, Alabama, from enforcing the Act against them and other Negroes [sic] similarly situated. Petitioners' claim is that enforcement of the statute, which alters the shape of Tuskegee from a square to an uncouth twenty-eight-sided figure, will constitute a discrimination against them in violation of the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution and will deny them the right to vote in defiance of the Fifteenth Amendment. His opinion also covered the concern of Federalism. The question was, Why should a federal court have jurisdiction over a state and municipality business? Frankfurter answered with, When a state exercises power wholly within the domain of state interest, it is insulated from federal judicial review, but such insulation is not carried over when state power is used as an instrument for circumventing a federally protected right. In fact, Frankfurter, in his scathing opinion, accused blatantly that the Appellate Courts and lower courts were racist. This hurt the credibility of the lower courts. This historic case set the precedent for racial gerrymandering across the nation. Mayors and legislators in every county, especially in the south, now had the Federal Government and the Department of Justice watching their every move. Hatred, ignorance, and racism may play a part in some peoples decisions, the 200 year old document is as blind as Justice herself. Atticus said it best, All men are equal in the Court of Law. Legal Issues Essays

From Element to Riches essays

From Element to Riches essays A diamond in a sense is the most communal, elegantly, used jewel used in circulation today. Do people in actuality understand the concept and edifice of this mineral? A diamond is known as the hardest rock in existence and to most of the world it is a piece of jewelry, but do we know what the chemical composition of a rock and how is it formed? A diamond in actuality is carbon in its most concentrated form. While a few diamonds may have trace impurities such as boron or nitrogen, most diamonds are composed mostly of carbon. Carbon is a chemical that is fundamental in the process of life and used in various amounts of ways on the Earths surface. In diamonds, carbon atoms share all four valance electrons with adjacent carbon atoms, which form a tetrahedral unit. The covalent bond that is formed in this process is responsible for many of the diamonds superlative properties. As a result of the highly symmetrical arrangement of eight atoms that are fundamentally arranged in a repeating structural unit diamond crystals can form a variety of different shapes known as crystal habits. The octahedron is the most common of these crystal habits, but others include cubes dodecahedra and combinations of theses shapes. All however, are manifestations of the cubic crystal system to which the mineral diamond belongs. Diamond crystals that are real do not have entirely smooth faces which can be seen in the trigons that reflect the subtle changes of height in the diamonds face. However some raised trigons that point the same direction as the crystal face can occur from dissolution, etching, and the crystals natural growth. Another notable property that the diamond is well known for is its hardness. Diamonds are the hardest substance known, receiving a ten on Mohs hardness scale. While diamonds are not fragile or prone to breaking they can fracture or shatter. The best place for splitting a diamond is along one of its lines of cleavage as the cr...

Biography of Rubén Blades

Biography of Rubà ©n Blades Rubà ©n Blades Bellido de Luna (born July 16, 1948) is a Panamanian singer/songwriter, actor, activist, and politician. He was a key figure in popularizing New York-based salsa music in the 1970s, with socially conscious lyrics that commented on poverty and violence in Latino communities and U.S. imperialism in Latin America. However, unlike most musicians, Blades has been able to toggle between multiple careers in his life, including serving as Minister of Tourism in Panama. Fast Facts: Rubà ©n Blades Known For:  Salsa singer/songwriter, actor, Panamanian politicianBorn:  July 16, 1948 in Panama City, PanamaParents:  Rubà ©n Darà ­o Blades, Sr., Anoland Dà ­az (original surname Bellido de Luna)Spouse:  Luba MasonChildren: Joseph VerneEducation: Masters Degree in International Law, Harvard Graduate Law School (1985); Bachelors Degree in Law and Political Science, University of Panama (1974)Awards and Honors: 17 Grammys (9 U.S. Grammys, 8 Latin Grammys); Honorary Doctorate degrees from University of California, Berkeley; Lehman College; and the Berklee College of Music Early Life and Education Rubà ©n Blades was born in Panama City to a Cuban mother, musician Anoland Dà ­az (original surname Bellido de Luna), and a Colombian father, Rubà ©n Darà ­o Blades, Sr., an athlete and percussionist. He earned a bachelors degree from the University of Panama in law and political science in 1974. In 1973 Blades parents had moved to Miami because Rubà ©n, Sr. had been accused by General Manuel Noriega, then chief of military intelligence under President Omar Torrijos, of working for the CIA. The following year, after graduating from the University of Panama, Rubà ©n, Jr. followed his family to the U.S., but headed not to Miami, but to New York to try and break into the salsa scene. He began working in the mailroom at Fania Records, where he would eventually become one of the labels major recording artists. He took a break from his musical career in the early 1980s to pursue a Masters Degree in International Law from Harvard University, which he earned in 1985. Rubà ©n Blades and Willie Colon in the 1970s. Michael Ochs Archives / Getty Images Cultural Impact Blades has had a significant impact on Latino music and culture writ large, particularly with regards to his recordings with Fania Records and other leading salsa musicians of the 1970s, like Willie Colà ³n. Their joint album Siembra is the best-selling salsa album in history, with over 25 million copies sold. He is widely known as the intellectual of salsa music, with lyrics that reference Latin American literature and issue bold social critiques on a range of issues affecting Latinos. Regarding his desire to make more explicitly political music during his time with Fania, he recently stated, â€Å"It didn’t make me popular in the industry, where you aren’t supposed to antagonize people, you are supposed to smile and be nice in order to sell records. But I never bought into that.† Ruben Blades with their Grammy Awards for Latin Pop at the 2000 Grammy Awards held in Los Angeles, CA.   Scott Gries / Getty Images As an actor, Blades has also had a long and fruitful career, which began in 1983 with the film The Last Fight and most recently included a role on the TV show Fear the Walking Dead. He has often turned down roles that reinforced stereotypes about Latinos. When offered a role as a drug dealer in the hit 1980s show Miami Vice, he rejected the offer, stating: â€Å"When are we going to stop playing the drug addict, the pimp and the whore?...I could never do that stuff. I’d rather kill myself first†. He continued, regarding the scripts he continued to receive: â€Å"In half, they want me to play a Colombian coke dealer. In the other half, they want me to play a Cuban coke dealer. Doesn’t anyone want me to play a lawyer?† Politics and Activism Blades is well-known for his left-leaning political orientation, particularly his critiques of U.S. imperialism and intervention into Latin America, which have often made their way into his music. His 1980 recording Tiburà ³n, for example, was an allegorical critique of American imperialism, and Ollies Doo-Wop (1988) addressed the Iran-Contra scandal that funded the U.S.-backed war against the socialist Sandinista government in Nicaragua. However, he has also been critical of leftist authoritarian governments or Marxist Leninist dictatorships, as he referred to the governments in Cuba and Venezuela. Musicians Residente (R) of Calle 13 and Ruben Blades perform onstage at the 10th Annual Latin GRAMMY Awards held at the Mandalay Bay Events Center on November 5, 2009 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Michael Caulfield / Getty Images Blades political activism stems from his experience as a young Panamanian in the 1960s who saw Americans living in the Canal Zone disrespecting Panamas sovereignty and treating the country as an extension of the U.S. He began to learn about racial segregation in the U.S. and its historic treatment of Native Americans, which contributed to his emerging political consciousness. U.S. foreign policy in Central America in the 1970s and 80s- particularly its role in the civil wars in El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala- was also an issue that affected Blades deeply. The U.S. invasion of Panama in 1989 to depose Manuel Noriega was a major reason Blades returned to Panama in 1993 to run for president. He founded a political party, Papa Egorà ³ (meaning Mother Earth in the Embera language of Panamas indigenous population), and ran for president in 1994, coming in third place out of seven candidates, with 18% of the vote. He was later asked to join the government of Martà ­n Torrijos, and served as the Minister of Tourism from 2004 to 2009, an important post since tourism is the countrys main economic driver. He has spoken about not wanting to sacrifice Panamas natural environment in exchange for foreign investment, and the fact that he stressed the development of small-scale eco-tourism and cultural tourism over large-scale tourist amenities. There has been speculation for years about whether Blades will run for president again in Panama, but thus far he has not made an announcement to that effect. Writing Blades publishes a fair amount of opinion writing on his website, mostly related to the political situations in various Latin American countries, with a focus on Panama and Venezuela. Sources Rubenblades.com. http://rubenblades.com/, accessed June 1, 2019. Shaw, Lauren. Interview with Rubà ©n Blades. In Song and Social Change in Latin America, edited by Lauren Shaw. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2013.

Fuell cell technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Fuell cell technology - Essay Example It does not take a great deal of environmental knowledge to realize that the effect that humans are having upon the environment has produced noticeable side effects. Although technology has aided in making life easier, the fact of the matter is that many of the negative impacts that humans are currently displaying upon the environment are the direct result of the technological advancement that has been realized within the past few hundred years. Almost invariably, the negative impact that humans have upon the environment is both the result of the production process of passenger cars as well as the pollutant nature in which they oftentimes operate. Once again, technology, within the past few decades, has aided automobile manufacturers in greatly reducing emissions; however, the fact of the matter is that within the current technology of engine designed and means of transportation that is practiced, there is only a certain amount that can be improved without moving on to a new more sus tainable and efficient process. As a function of this unique juncture that exists, this analysis will pay a particular level of interest with regards to fuel-cell technology, the use of CNG, and LPG fuels as well as seeking to measure their overall efficiency, abundance, and cleanliness with respect to the environment. Fuel cell technology Though it may seem as something that is only been around for a relatively short period of time, the fuel-cell can trace its basic principle back as far as 1893; discovered by Sir William Grove. More recently NASA utilized the same principles of the fuel-cell in seeking to power space exploration vehicles; such as the moon car that was used on the Apollo mission. As technology has increased, fuel cells and become much more popular within the consumer market; even powering homes around the world. At its most basic level, the fuel cell is nothing more than a battery which is powered by hydrogen. In comparison to the fuel efficiency of such a mechanis m, one should consider the fact that the energy content in a single kilogram of hydrogen is greater than three times the same amount of gasoline. Moreover, as any introductory chemistry lesson will make plainly evident, hydrogen is the most common element within the entire universe; making this an ideal fuel to exploit without the necessary drawbacks that fossil fuels bear. However, environmentally speaking, the greatest advantage of hydrogen is the fact that the process of burning hydrogen as fuel creates no exhaust rather than mere water and oxygen. With regards to the overall drawback, the greatest of these is the fact that storing and readily retrieving the hydrogen any useful state has provided researchers with many difficulties. The fuel-cell benefits on the mechanical level of fuel cell can be used to provide motion to a vehicle by producing electricity which then drives an electric motor providing power to the wheels. Due to fact that fuel cells do not have any specific omis sions, such as carbon, the net exhaust of this process is environmentally neutral. Moreover, and perhaps more importantly from the engineering standpoint, the fuel-cell represents a more efficient transfer of energy as compared to internal combustion engines (upwards of 40%

Colonial theory questions and joe turners come and gone Essay

Colonial theory questions and joe turners come and gone - Essay Example The play also chronicles the conflicts of slavery, identity, discrimination and racism and migration that the African-Americans had to deal with during the western colonization. Generally, the events in the play represent the kind of life that Africans were exposed to during the period of western colonization. The three main themes covered by the play are identity, migration and racial segregation. Racial Discrimination During the colonial period, western countries established colonies on other continents with the aim of making profit, expanding their territories and power, and for political and religious reasons. In Africa, the move of the western nations to colonize the continent exposed Africans to slavery, migration, discrimination and loss of African identity (Bloom, 135). Thus, in his play, August Wilson highlights the oppressions that the African people were exposed to during the colonial period. Similar to the period of western colonization, August Wilson, in his play present s African-Americans as being exploited and discriminated against by the whites. And, just as Africans were forced to migrate to other areas due to racial discrimination, August presents the life in the American South as marred with intense discrimination thus forcing some African-Americans such as Martha to migrate to Pennsylvania.

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon and Cubism | Analysis

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon and Cubism | Analysis The Art of Cubism and its Role In this research paper, I have explained the art of cubism and its role. I have chosen the cubit painting â€Å"Les Demoiselles d’Avignon† painted by Pablo Picasso. He was the famous cubist painter. Picasso and Braque were the innovators of the cubist painting. In this research paper, I have tried to explain the formal characteristics like color, theme and texture that were used in the painting Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. The paper also includes political and social factors related to the painting. In this paper I have also mentioned the interpretation of the art historians related to the painting. About Cubism Cubism can be defined as an advanced art movement that modernized European painting and sculpture in the early 20th century. The core essence of cubism is that instead of viewing subjects from a single, fixed angle, the sculptor breaks them up into a multiplicity of aspect, so that several aspects or features of the subject can be seen simultaneously. It is a wonderful way to express the complexity and depth of world in a simplified manner (Cubism, 2001). Cubism is a unique format where square shapes are formed together. In cubism, the square shapes are also often softened with curves. In the artworks of a cubist, objects are broken up, analyzed, and re-assembled in an abstracted form. The artist depicts the subject of his painting from a massive number of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context instead of depicting objects from one viewpoint (Curtis, 1999). One of distinct characteristics of Cubism is that the background and object planes interpenetrate with one another to create the shallow ambiguous space. The Cubist style emphasizes on the flat and two-dimensional surface of the picture plane. It rejects the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening and disproving the time-honored theories of art as the replication of nature. A cubist painter presents a new reality in paintings that depicts radically fragmented objects, whose several sides can be seen simultaneously. They do not copy the form, texture, and color (Cubism, 2001). The chief creators or innovators of Cubism were Picasso and Gorges Braque. In the year1908, the term cubism was first used by the French art reviewer Louis Vauxcelles. After some years, the term was in wide use but the two creators of cubism avoid using it for a long time (Cubism, 2001). Cubism seems to be uniquely adjusted to the busy dynamic of contemporary life. Cubism consists of both theoretical and practical forms; practical form being more dominant (Curtis, 1999). Formal characteristics of the work Picasso was a painter as well as a sculptor. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon was the most significant work of Picasso in the development of Cubism. Picasso uses angry definitive lines and a great concept of light and shadow (Picasso, 1996). With his artwork, Picasso was also a free thinker. He had a unique style and due to this unique style, he became the first artist to have fame during his lifetime. Picasso was a great innovative artist who used to search new ways to express space and forms in painting. There are different shades used by Picasso that describe the still life composition of women (Cubism, 2001). The painting is designed with tempera paint using a flat style and a neutral pallet. In this painting of Picasso, collage papers are created by mixing colors and creating texture by using sponges. After the shapes are attached in place, oil pastels are used to create patterns and enhance the overall design. Picasso is used to apply different themes, styles and moods to design the painting (Picasso, 1996). All his paintings are different to each other. He tries to use very dark colors and textures, which make his painting unique and different. In the early modern art, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon was widely held as an influential and decisive work (Picasso, 1996). The painting is more a record of an artist in the process of changing his mind than a resolved composition. The forms are dislocated and inconsistent in style. In fact, they seem to be unfinished. It is a painting with overthrowing perspective, single viewpoint, local and decorative color and integral form (Les Demoiselles dAvignon, 2008). Picasso uses darker colors on the left side of the painting and warmer colors on the right side of the painting. The painting is slightly buff as compared to the paintings of Cezanne. The strong, harsh and different coloring has given the painting a different look in the cubist era (Picasso, 1996). The structure indicates the use of sharp white or black curves and outlines and cinnamon tone of the background at the left (Les Demoiselles dAvignon, 2008). A harsh blue, as if a sudden glimpse of sky, surrounds the figure at the upper right. The middle figures warmly indeterminate body of Picasso’s painting. Contrasts of color and texture are reduced to a minimum, so as not to compete with the design. Larger social/political context The painting â€Å"Les Demoiselles d’Avignon† was painted during the summer of 1907 by Picasso. According to Picasso, the cubism has came in a time period when the world was experiencing modernization in technology and medicine; and the societies were rapidly growing and developing as well (Picasso, 1996). The meaning of the painting in English was the Young Ladies of Avignon; it depicted five prostitutes in a brothel. It is one of the most important paintings in the genesis of modern art. There is a strong similarity in the dramatic clashing of light and dark tones and the overhead light source (Meighan, 2008). The work of Picasso in Les Demoiselles d’Avignon truly introduced cubism as art of movement. His painting has been noted as the twentieth centurys most significant painting. His work depicted a crude version of prostitutes through a deformed style never seen before. The painting was an anti-idealist representation of un-ideal subject matter (Meighan, 2008). Depictions of prostitutes and the theme of sexuality had been the subject of paintings in the past, but Les Demoiselles left an impact because of Picasso. He had portrayed the prostitutes in erotic poses with their arms recognizable positioned above their heads in order to show off their feminine, but offensively distorted female framework (Meighan, 2008). Picassos choice to use five figures in his work was to multiply the penetration of the bitter gaze created. The harsh life style gives sad expressions on the faces of the prostitutes, which in fact, lack any kind of emotion (Picasso, 1996). To conceal their identity, the two women painted on the right are shown wearing African inspired masks. Through the representation of these prostitutes, Picasso conveyed a message of filth disease in the cubist style. He has deliberately changed the prostitute as a way to express the rising cultural awareness and effects of venereal disease, which had become a violent threat to these womens lives (Meighan, 2008). According to Picasso, cubism is directly related to modernism. Picasso has his own perception to explain cubism. According to him, cubism is an expression of the minds relationship with the external world (Picasso, 1996). He is of the opinion that it is a direct analysis of the awareness, the process of vision and the relationship of ones unconscious that is based on ones personal experiences. Cubism represents the process, which the mind undergoes in order to create a classical art from the past. Picassos Cubist art is the first aesthetic representation, which accurately conveys the process of reflexivity of the human mind. Picasso was a productive and creative artist. He has made near about 12,500 paintings, 2,500 original prints, 1,000 different ceramics, and 700 sculptures. His works are often categorized in periods and each period is different in style and themes than the other. Picasso’s paintings are like pages from his diary (Picasso, 1996). He believed that painting is another way of keeping a diary. Picasso says that painting brings him a great pleasure and release. For him, painting is an extremely hard work. He tells us that when he works on a painting, there is a feeling that he is climbing a mountain with a heavy load on his back, without even knowing when he will lose his balance (Picasso, 1996). Once the picture is completed, he feels exhausted and tired but at the same movement he enjoys a lot. He has created the pictures based on his own experiences. Picasso’s work is approved by all the cubist painters like Filla, Braque, Feininger, Dellunay, etc. He is used to paint on the real aspect of the life. He believes that painting should be such a medium that describes the things on its own (Picasso, 1996). In the year 2007, Les Demoiselles dAvignon was described as the most influential work of art of the last 100 years. Picasso had the ability to interpret the most complex images in his own language (Picasso, 1996). There were many painters who could transform the sun into a yellow spot, but Picasso was the one, who with his art and intelligence could transform a yellow spot into the sun. The movement also inspired about the modern architecture, sculptures, clothes, and even literature (Art of Picasso, 2008). Interpretation by two art historians The painting seems to be a form that goes in all pursuits of spatial depth and maintains a relationship to the pictorial surface. Picasso restructured the painting into harsh and angular planes, which destroyed the spatial depth and ideal form of female nude. The painting is not flat, but it is shaded in a way that gives it different dimensions. The painting includes the concave or convex style and looks like a portion of solidified space (Art of Picasso, 2008). The cubist painting constitutes a unique kind of matter, which imposes a new kind of integrity and continuity on the entire canvas. Each individual figure is united by a general geometrical principle, which overlays its own laws on to the natural proportions and merges almost completely with the background (Les Demoiselles dAvignon, 2008). There are no differences of light and darkness that might lend shape to the women’s bodies and with the combination of several perspectives; this contributes to a general impression of perplexity in space. To reach the internal structures of objects and to establish that a picture is not a window on the world, Picasso simplifies the painting. The flat space in the painting is created by the definite solid outlining, tonal contrast and by both thick and heavy curves (Les Demoiselles dAvignon, 2008). Picasso was not interested in describing tone, depth or form of some of his painting. He expressed his indignation by making the use of imagination like the bull, the dying horse, a fallen warrior, a mother and dead child, a woman trapped in a burning building and a figure leaning from a window and holding out a lamp. The painting represented a revolutionary breakthrough in the history of modern art (Art of Picasso, 2008). The nudes that frame the composition already demonstrate the decisive change of direction in Picassos art. In terms of Cubism, this painting is of a seminal importance. His revolt against the myth of feminine beauty is relatively insignificant when compared with his other rebellion. With this picture, Picasso wants to destroy the whole of Western art; not only the proportions, but the organic integrity and continuity of the human body also Choi, 2004). It is almost impossible to overestimate the importance of this picture and the profound effect it has on art. There has been a critical debate over the years on the Picasso painting that attempts to account for multiplicity of styles used within the work. The famous art historian Leo Steinberg in his landmark states that Picasso used different explanation for the wide range of stylistic attributes. Another art historian Rubin states that some of the figures faces symbolize the disfigurements of syphilis (Choi, 2004). The painting of Picasso is created by following a series of brothel. Rubin interprets that the painting expresses the artists skepticism, his willingness to risk anarchy for freedom, his fear of disease and illness and most forcefully his deep-seated fear and disliking of the female body. The painting is sharp and pointed and has the influence of ancient Iberian sculpture. The faces have a compelling force that obliges to African sculpture. Picasso has sometime used Negro sculpture. Picasso has used the different objects, analyzed them and re-assembled in an abstracted form (Choi, 2004). Conclusion Cubist painting is an art form created through a modernized approach to expression of the minds interpretation of the natural world. Cubist art is a form based on art. Cubism is a unique format where square shapes are formed together. The artist depicts the subject of his painting from a massive number of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context instead of depicting objects from one viewpoint (Meighan, 2008). Picasso was a very good painter and sculptor. He painting had the meaning and was different to others. He used to paint his own experiences and believed the painting should have some meaning. He used to create paintings with connection to reality. Reference Cubism, (2001). Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://www.ethnicpaintings.com/popular-painting-styles/cubism.html Picasso, (1996). Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://www.gospain.org/jewels/picasso.htm#cubscul Cubism, (1994). Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://www.pet-portraitartist.com/learning-to-paint-and-draw/painting-styles/Cubism.htm Curtis, P. (1999). Sculpture 1900-1945: After Rodin. Published: Oxford publishing press. Meighan, M. (2008). Presentations, Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://www.students.sbc.edu/meighan07/Presentation.text.htm Les Demoiselles dAvignon, (2008). Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://www.geocities.com/rr17bb/LesDemoi.html JH GALLERY, (2005). Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://www.geocities.com/jhinais/ Pablo Picasso (1881-1973). Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://artchive.com/artchive/P/picasso.html Cubism, (2007). Retrieved April 11, 2008 fromhttp://www.centre-pompidou.net/education/ressources/ENS-cubisme_en/cubisme_en.html Art of Picasso, (2008). Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/102066.html Choi, E.(2004). Picasso and Early Cubism with Braque. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://www.people.vcu.edu/~djbromle/modern04/elizabethc/index.htm

Relativism versus Objectivism Essay

The moral debate of relativism versus objectivism is one that confronts a moral question that philosophers have been debating for many years. The ultimate question brought about in the debate is whether morality is based solely on individual choice and cultural approval, or are there universally valid moral principles. With this essay I will present the arguments for each view and I will also argue for the position I favor: moral objectivism. Relativism is the view that states that moral principles vary by culture (conventionalism) or by individuals (subjectivism). Conventionalists like Ruth Benedict argue that since different cultures hold different principles, one culture has no basis to judge another culture’s morals. She uses the argument of normality: each culture defines what behavior is normal to fit the behavior of the majority. The majority of that population then defines normality and lives by it, and only a small minority deviates from that normality. According to Benedict morality is just term that we’ve come to use for socially approved habits, and normal is a variant of the concept of good. Subjectivism is the extreme end of relativism. This view holds that morality is determined at the individual level, not a social or universal level. Therefore, the only moral principles that are valid are the ones you believe in, and basically all principles are equally valid. Criticism of these arguments starts with the judgment question: how can a society or individual judge the behavior of another if all socially accepted behaviors or personal moral principles are valid? The answer is that it can’t, but a few examples will show what tolerance can allow. From a historical standpoint slavery was considered normal by those who held slaves. Since slaveholders were the dominant culture in that area, the normal and therefore, the good behavior was to own slaves. According to conventionalism slavery was a morally right act at the time that it was popular, and only when conventions changed did it become wrong. Nazism was morally right, simply because the numerical majority of a population agreed with it. The terrorists of September 11 are definitely aberrant in Western culture, but in their own they are saints in paradise. If conventionalism holds true, then the actions of those men were absolutely correct because their society agreed with them. Louis Pojman goes further to ask, how large  is a population or a society? If he and a friend get together and decide to become criminals, is that a large enough group to count as a society? He accuses conventionalism of sliding toward subjectivism. He also asks if social reformers aren’t aberrant and therefore immoral. Since they swim upstream in their culture, and disagree with the majority, aren’t they committing a wrong act? While these kinds of issues arise at the conventionalist level, they are even more obvious at the subjectivist level. If subjectivism holds true, then any court system or law is useless, since the only standard by which a man can be judged is his own, and whether or not he upheld his own principles. Essentially, all behavior is correct to the subjectivist. Thus, the subjectivist cannot even disapprove of murder or terrorism because these acts are as valid and acceptable as love and altruism, so long as they are a part of the individual’s moral principles. Since all is permissible and every action is as good as another, where is the meaning? By removing value judgments from a person’s behavior he is left with no motive to behave in a moral fashion, because he can craft a moral principle to suit every behavior. Everything he does is as good as anything else, because there is no standard to measure his behavior. In Pojman’s essay, he argues further that subjectivism reduces morality to aesthetic individual tastes: if I like to murder, I will craft my morality to suit my taste for death. According to Pojman, â€Å"a contradiction seems to exist between subjectivism and the very concept of morality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  because morality is the â€Å"proper resolution of interpersonal conflict and the amelioration of the human predicament†. To the subjectivist then, there is no proper, and therefore no need for morality. Objectivism is the view that holds that certain moral principles are valid for all individuals and cultures. There are different levels of objectivism: the fixed view, which says that principles are fixed and do not change; the universal view, which includes the fixed view and adds that principles apply to all people everywhere; and the absolutist view, which includes the universal view and adds that certain principles are non-override able and true for all situations. People who hold this theory answer the question  Ã¢â‚¬Å"where do these principles come from?† in several different ways: from the essence or commonality of human nature, from natural reality (moral realism), from God or the divine, or from the intrinsic good within humans. Pojman bases his view of objectivism on the assumption that â€Å"human nature is relatively similar in essential respects, having a common set of needs and interests.† He then defines moral principles as â€Å"functions of human needs†¦instituted by reason.† Pojman is not an absolutist; he does not necessarily think that principles are non-overrideable. Instead, he argues that certain principles hold true across cultures and relativism comes in at the application stage. These principles, which form his â€Å"core morality,† are general and leave less important or secondary issues up to the individual or to society. He uses abortion as an example: the debate isn’t about the right to kill babies; it is about when life begins. Everyone could agree that killing babies is wrong, but what constitutes a baby and a life? Pojman concludes that the fact of someone disagreeing with a principle does not invalidate the principle; perhaps it is the person who is incorrect. When deciding which side of the argument suited me best, I found it to be a rather easy choice of objectivism. At its roots, relativism seems to be a fair argument for tolerance and for cultures to stay together. However, as I analyzed relativism deeper I decided its tolerance is too loose and leaves too much room for completely reckless and destructive behavior. Instead, objectivism makes more sense to me. I feel that humans across the globe are ingrained with common sets of needs, interests, and desires, and therefore there are principles that are universal and ingrained in human nature. Then those principles are interpreted by a culture and society, which then decides how it implements them into its existence. An objectivist society should still be leaving room in its moral philosophy for tolerance of other cultures and their practices, but not to the degree that conventionalism or subjectivism allows. Principles of morality that effect an entire culture or society should be based on a majority decision, not the beliefs of a few.

The Segregation Of Public Education - 1327 Words

A. Brown: Plessy Revisited In 1954, the Court had occasion to reconsider the â€Å"separate, but equal† doctrine delineated in Plessy. Just as Dred Scott is the origin of formalism, Brown v. Board of Education is the origin of judicial activism. The issue before the Court in Brown was whether segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other tangible factors may be equal, violates the Fourteenth Amendment. Because this was a similar, if not the same, issue presented in Plessy, stare decisis should have been applied to reach a different result. In the opinion, the Court carefully articulated the steps it took to reach its conclusion that the Framer’s intent analysis was insufficient to decide the issue presented. The Court stated that the legislative history of the Fourteenth Amendment yields little guidance with respect to its intended effect on public education. Accordingly, the Court determined that it was necessary to look at the effect of segregation on public education. The Court concluded that the effect of segregation upon African-American children was inexcusably detrimental. The unlikely hero of Brown was social science. The Court stated that â€Å"[t]o separate [African-American children] from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to beShow MoreRelatedEnding Public School Segregation: The Brown vs Board of Education Trial940 Words   |  4 Pagesvs Board of Education Brown vs Board of Education was a trail to end public school segregation, but the ruling of the trail was not enforced. The case was rooted in Kansas with many different plaintiffs accusing the Board of Education. These plaintiffs bounded together and with the help of the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People or more commonly known as NAACP, brought the case up to the U.S. District Court. The court ruled in favor of the Board of Education, but that failedRead More Segregation: Seperate but Equal967 Words   |  4 PagesLinda Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas advocated the need for change in America in the mid 20th century. America was a country in turmoil, after many futile efforts to make social change had failed but Linda Brown’s groundbreaking case pushed America in the right direction. At the heart of the problem was segregation. Segregation is the act of separating a certain person or faction from the main group. 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Psychological Disorders - 1154 Words

Psychological Disorder July, 20, 2011 Psychological Disorder Paper Psychological disorders are stated to be abnormalities of the mind, known as mental disorders (Klasco, 2011). Abnormalities of the mind cause persistent behaviors that affect an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s daily function and life (Klasco, 2011). The different types of psychological disorders include mood disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders (Klasco, 2011). The causes of these disorders are unknown, but factors that contribute to these disorders include childhood experiences, chemical imbalances in the brain, illnesses, heredity, stress, and prenatal exposures (Klasco, 2011). Psychological disorders can be serious and can be life-threatening†¦show more content†¦The anxiety (nervousness) of this disorder causes the individual to feel the urgent need to perform certain routines or rituals (compulsion) (Chakraburtty, 2009). For example, a person who has an unreasonable germ fear constantly washes their hands (C hakraburtty, 2009). The rituals are performed in an attempt to prevent or make the obsessive thoughts go away (Chakraburtty, 2009). The rituals that are performed are temporarily the person will perform the rituals again once his or her obsessive thoughts return (Chakraburtty, 2009). Causes of OCD The exact cause of obsessive-compulsive disorder is not clearly understood, however studies have shown biological and environmental factors playing a role in this disorder (Chakraburtty, 2009). Billions of nerve cells are contained in the human brain (Chakraburtty, 2009). These nerve cells are called neurons. The neurons communicate and work together so the body can function normally (Chakraburtty, 2009). Research has shown how low levels of serotonin can contribute to OCD (Chakraburtty, 2009). Environmental stressors can also trigger OCD (Chakraburtty, 2009). 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